DADABHOY: English people are already trainedand we have scholars like Anthony Barthelemy has talked about this in his book Black Face, Maligned Race, where the image of blackness, as associated with sin, with the devil, all of these things, makes it quite easy to map onto then Black people these kinds of characteristics. Shakespeare's works Read and learn more about Shakespeare's plays and poems; Shakespeare in print The First Folio (the book that gave us Shakespeare) and what came after; Shakespeare in performance From playhouse to film sets, explore four centuries of staging . Turns out, these two things don't always track together. Elizabeth's reign was seen as a 'golden age' of culture, with theatre becoming popular across all of society, and it's also when . The Ottomans really control much of this eastern Mediterranean geography during the time that Shakespeare is writing this play but also during the time where Shakespeare might have set this play, which would be probably about 40 years before 1603. And the privilege which he so fondly challengeth to be the only absolute creature in this huge world's frame, perfectly able to know the absolute beauty and several parts thereof, and that he is only of power to yield the great Architect thereof due thanks for it and to keep account both of the receipts and layings out of the world--who hath sealed him this patent? Kings are justly called gods for that they exercise a manner or resemblance of divine power upon earth. In heaven he hath appointed distinct or several orders and slates of archangels and angels. She is also more shameless and false, more readily deceived, and more mindful of injury, more watchful, more idle, and on the whole less excitable than the male. After being imprisoned by her half-sister and surviving several plots designed to prevent her from ascending the throne of England, Elizabeth became queen in 1558. It was edited by Gail Kern Paster. whether this influence is linked to different cultural attitudes towards money or the institution al, legal, political and social context specific to each country. is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings On the contrary, the male is more ready to help, and, as it hath been said, more brave than the female; and . A good deal of mutual affection existed in most marriages, with wives occupying a separate but subordinate sphere in the family economy. Older adults perceptions of children's attitudes toward them were more negative Venice was one of the richest cities in the world. The disposition of the males is opposed to this; for they are more passionate and fierce, more straightforward, and less invidious. BOGAEV: Right. But this is to reckon without the 'framework of assumptions'. In the Elizabethan era, gender roles were clearly defined. I think there has been a resistance to thinking about how enslavement has been the engine for all of the glories of the European Renaissance and the sort of discoveries of the early modern period, and what then resulted in the kind of ascendency of Europe over the rest of the world. In choosing to marry, women sacrificed any legal or constitutional rights as citizens. See we not plainly that obedience of creatures unto the law of nature is the stay of the whole world? BOGAEV: Oh, I see. BOGAEV: But interesting that its being skinned. The water, which is somewhat consolidate and approacheth to corruption, is next unto the earth. Are the foolish and wicked worthy of so extraordinary a favor, who, being the worst part of the world, should they be preferred before the rest? Different Attitudes Toward Disclosure In some cultures, it is not appropriate to be frank about emotions, about the reasons behind a conflict or a misunderstanding, or about personal information. There be three principal similitudes that illustrates the state of monarchy. It may apply sharp cures, or cut off corrupt members, let blood in what proportion it thinks fit, and as the body may spare but yet is all this power ordained by God ad aedificationem, non ad destructionem [for constructive, not destructive use]. Michael de Montaigne, An Apology of Raymond Sebond, 1568: Is it possible to imagine anything so ridiculous as this miserable and wretched creature which is not so much as master of himself exposed, and subject to offenses of all things, and yet dareth call himself master and emperor of this universe? Wherefore women are more compassionate and more readily made to weep, more jealous and querulous, more fond of railing, and more contentious The female also is more subject to depression of spirits and despair than the male. Its based on current events at the time. hasContentIssue true, https://doi.org/10.1017/CCOL0521064309.005, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. In the upper classes, marriage was seen as a means of gaining property, friends, and allies; therefore, marriages among wealthy landowners were more likely arranged than those among people from lower classes. This was partly due to their lack of understanding and knowledge of other cultures. ELIZABETHAN BLACKNESS 5-18-21 [00:16:05]DADABHOY: I dont think its the origins of racial thinking, but I think its a very powerful example of how race is already being understood, operating in a shorthand that is legible to audiences. It turns out, we should look back pretty far. 4 For a totally different view, see Lukas Erne, Shakespeare as Literary Dramatist (2003). So that, you know, the noble Moor Abd al-Malik, hes also called a barbarian and he calls himself a barbarian. physics, engineering, mathematics, computer sciences, and economics. It is through the vanity of the same imagination that he dare equal himself to God, that he ascribeth divine conditions unto himself, that he selecteth and separateth himself from out the rank of other creatures; to which his fellow brethren and compeers, he cuts out and shareth their parts and allotteth them what portions of means or forces he thinks good. Edward Gosynhill, "Schole house of women," c. 1542: A popular and well-known diatribe against the vanity, talkativeness, extravagance, faithlessness, and general frailty of women from Eve to Jezebel. BOGAEV: Generation after generation of enslavement, yeah. And there was a wide diversity, right? Aflame with jealousy, Othello snarls at his innocent wife: "I took you for that cunning whore of Venice/That married with Othello" (4.2.91-92). Iago calls to Brabantio to 'look to your house, your daughter, and your bags' claiming 'you're robbed' by 'thieves'. The Chinese. Regarding differences, these were found in the prevalence of . Throughout William Shakespeare's The Tempest, Caliban, as the native, is treated as an inferior by Prospero and Stephano, the colonists. In some places the youngest is sole heir: and in some places after an other fashion. Dr. Dadabhoy researches the role of identity and difference in literature, and she has a chapter in the monumental, new Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare and Race thats called Barbarian Moors: Documenting Racial Formation in Early Modern England.. . Those things were quite common. Journal of African American Men DADABHOY: For me, I think that the play asks us to think about how Blackness is actively being constructed by characters who have power in order to influence how we understand race. DADABHOY: Because its, I saw his visage in his mind. Does that mean you didnt see his visage that the whole world can see? For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions In that period, the Spanish and the Portuguese, both being quite involved in the slave trade from the Atlantic into what Europeans called the New World. Culture is often used to describe the features exhibited through history, language, food, arts, geography . DADABHOY: Yes. Shakespeare Lightning Round: Ambereen DadabhoyHead over to Instagram TV to learn which Shakespeare play is Dadabhoys favorite and which one she thinks is overrated. The air, which next to the fire, is most pure in substance, is in the second sphere or place. When facing differences between the company and foreign cultures, different people have different attitudes which can be listed as being ethnocentric, polycentric, and geocentric. Othello - Values and Attitudes "If Othello didnt begin as a play about race, history has made it one."The Venetian society that Othello is set in is representative of the writers context. Understanding different cultures is more than having an appreciation for our differences, but paving the way for a new world where we all stand together. The consequences of these cultural attitudes are discussed in terms of effects on animal species and on human-animal relationships. I feel this very strongly every time I see the play performed, that it just doesnt work for me. Well, now we do have a fuller picture of the context for Othello. Sir Thomas Elyot, The Book of the Governor, 1531: Moreover, take away order from all things, what should then remain? The females of all animals are less violent in their passions than the males, except the female bear and pardalis [panther], for the female of these appears more courageous than the male. . The word insular might have been coined to describe us. BOGAEV: The myth of the glorious enlightenment. There could be no mistaking who she was. BOGAEV: This is really interesting because I want to step back now to the bigger picture. Finally, the deaths associated with each plot and the attitudes toward death, especially suicide, provide students with different cultural orientations to life and its value in relation to honor and loyalty. Sir Thomas Smith, De Republica Anglorum: The Manner of Government r Policy of the Realm of England, 1583: The testator disposeth in his last will his moveable goods freely as he thinketh meet and convenient without controlment of wife or children. The types of attitude in psychology that is often stated are. For example, questions such as the following might sound natural to you: Gives a prose account of intriguing females such as Eve, Jezebel, etc. A lot of romances take place in the Holy Land. View Test Prep - Question and Links from ENGL 1101 at Middle Georgia State University. Thanks for listening. It requires understanding all of the kinds of violences that enabled these empires to exist. We think about this population that in the edicts is identified as having come from Spain, but what were they doing in Spain? Transcript. BARBARA BOGAEV: Id like to start with talking about what the Black presence was in London in Shakespeares time. A culture is passed on to the next generation by learning, whereas genetics are passed on by heredity.Culture is seen in people's writing, religion, music, clothes, cooking and in what they do.. The Chinese culture is among the oldest cultures around the world, hence its rich history and traditions. elizabethan attitudes towards different cultureshamburger di pesce congelatohamburger di pesce congelato To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org Speaking to colonialism and power and geopolitics in the play, Venice and Cyprus are very important to the action. The Elizabethan wanted to help the idle poor. The ones with more money, however, had as much freedome as any other white people. And so those are the moments where we can put pressure and see how race is being mobilized to make it very clear that this is the villain and hes a villain because of his Blackness and his Africanness. The concept of culture is very complicated, and the word has . Thats proof that race, as we know it, people werent thinking that way back in that time. Total loading time: 0 So how does Othello compare to these other productions? Cultural difference in attitudes towards stuttering among British, Arab and Chinese students: Considering home and host cultures Int J Lang Commun Disord. This lesson seeks to sensitize students to the complex nature of revenge as it is portrayed in Shakespeare's The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark.Students learn how Shakespeare's play interprets Elizabethan attitudes toward revenge, as reflected in the structure of the Elizabethan revenge tragedy, one of the most popular forms of drama of that era. Including in the world of Shakespeare studies. Now, when we talk about Atlantic slavery, we are talking about a related but also, kind of different kind and form of enslavement. Your parents and friends are better equipped than you are to look out for your best interests, being mature and experienced in the world. But to treat of that which by natural understanding may be comprehended. The Elizabethans were very patriotic and inclined to distant foreigners, especially from about 1570 onwards when the pope excommunicating Elizabeth, and declared it was not . The arts, religion, and clothing helped create the unique culture of the Elizabethan Era. And lastly, as for the head of the natural body, the head has the power of directing all the members of the body to that use which the judgment in th head thinks most convenient. All rights reserved. This podcast episode, In the Old Age, Black Was Not Counted Fair, was produced by Richard Paul. Though marriage was an unequal partnership, it was less unequal than we might imagine. Certainly, I dont think it was the first play to do so, but it was the play that really centered on Morocco, focused on presenting this Moorish villain character whose racial Blackness becomes that Blackness gives the reason for his villainy. Although as I have said ordinarily and by the common law, the eldest son inheriteth all the lands, yet in some countries all the sons have equal portion, and that is called ganelkinde, and is in many places in Kent. Then when we finally see Othello, he is of course so different from what we have been led to believe by Iago. They have power to exalt low things and abase high things, and make of their subjects like men at the chess: a pawn to take a bishop or a knight, and to cry up or down any of their subjects, as they do their money. Sir Thomas Elyot, "The Defence of Good Women," 1545: A dialogue that cites examples from history and legend to prove woman's constancy and wisdom. In other animals the females are more soft and insidious, less simple, more petulant, and more active in the care of their young. DADABHOY: I dont know that I would say that. Erin Meyer, professor at INSEAD, discusses management hierarchy and decision-making across cultures. To investigate how attitudes towards plagiarism develop in young children, researchers investigated whether attitudes about copying others varied across American, Mexican and Chinese . BOGAEV: Youre talking about George Peeles play, The Battle of Alcazar, and it was from 1594. Culture is a word for the 'way of life' of groups of people, meaning the way they do things. . In the Renaissance period England, like the rest of Europe, acquired modern-style maps; trade-contacts with Turkey and Russia became a commonplace feature of economic life; visitations of Red Indians, Eskimos, and Negroes, an influx of refugees from Europe, plantations in the New World, and knowledge of other European ventures of a similar kind - all this might seem to give the average Englishman of the early seventeenth century almost as much expertise in physical geography as is possessed by his modern counterpart. If youre not conversant with that work, then youre not going to understand that the things that youre identifying as not race are actually deeply connected to race. In war time, and in the field the Prince hath also absolute power, so that his word is a law, he may put to death, or to other bodily punishment, whom he shall think so to deserve, without process of law or form of judgment. Negro has specific meaning that is tied to being made fit for a certain kind of dominance by European and white powers. But it really was in how I got to my topic was really from a moment of teaching Othello really. 2. The sun, moon, stars, rainbow, thunder, lightning, clouds, and all birds of the air, do keep their order. Im Michael Witmore, the Folgers director. Request Permissions. The period with which we are concerned here - let us say the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries - is well known as one in which the amount of scientific information about the world increased dramatically. ; ; It requires, I think, teaching this period certainly differently from how I was taught. In many of those kinds of romances that are also, kind of, crusader romances, you do have African characters, Black characters, Moorish characters who might be Muslim characters, and this kind of cross-cultural encounter and exchange. Otherwise, they had to stay home and learn to run the household. Differences in attitudes towards disclosure. I think there is a preconceived notion for people who dont go deep into the scholarship on race. But I think a lot about this play also because I work in the context of the Mediterranean and the context of the Ottoman Empire. But that still doesnt address the fact of Othellos Blackness. DADABHOY: So, I think a lot about Othello of course. And the fact of the Holy Land, its also a place where you have a lot of encounter with people who are different culturally, linguistically, religiously, but also racially and ethnically. The first component is based on the knowledge we acquire and feel confident about the fact that we are educated on that subject and can present someone with the relevant information. They are able to empathize with people from different cultures. The model summarized below, by Milton Bennett describes this journey from ethnocentrism to ethnorelativism: . How have attitudes towards women and women's rights in general changed since Elizabethan times? The slave trade had already started, and the Elizabethan period was the heyday of colonial-ism. She joined us to talk about all this for a podcast we call, In the Old Age, Black Was Not Counted Fair. Ambereen Dadabhoy is interviewed by Barbara Bogaev. And Cyprus is quite close to, sort of, the center of power of the Ottoman Empire, thinking about Istanbul. So, Shakespearean audiences, then, already had exposure to, or thoughts along, these lines, and theyre getting it from different aspects of culture. The elementary school years are a crucial period for addressing issues of prejudice and discrimination because they are a developmental phase, during which children's attitudes and beliefs about different groups are being . This is understood of the subjects of the realm. And it were an idle head that would in place of physic so poison or phlebotomize [bleed] the body as might breed a dangerous distemper or destruction thereof. But its one that a cadre of younger scholars is diving into these daysbuilding upon work done by the pioneering Black feminist and premodern critical race scholars who came before them. We had technical help from Andrew Feliciano at Voice Trax West in Studio City, California. It was psychologist Robert Levine who analyzed different cultures and their attitude towards time.He found out that the more economically developed countries like the . In the play hes called Muly Mahamet Seth or Muly Seth. Yes, exactly. However, comparing The Tempest to European colonialist attitudes in the Elizabethan era provokes a 21st century audience to re . In fact, the press treated their presence as part of the spectacle itself.
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